ABSTRACT
Aldosterone concentrations vary in advanced chronic renal failure (CRF). The isozyme 11â-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11â-HSD2), which confers aldosterone specificity for mineralocorticoid receptors in distal tubules and collecting ducts, has been reported to be decreased or normal in patients with renal diseases. Our objective was to determine the role of aldosterone and 11â-HSD2 renal microsome activity, normalized for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in maintaining K+ homeostasis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g at the beginning of the study were used. Rats with experimental CRF obtained by 5/6 nephrectomy (N = 9) and sham rats (N = 10) were maintained for 4 months. Systolic blood pressure and plasma creatinine (Pcr) concentration were measured at the end of the experiment. Sodium and potassium excretion and GFR were evaluated before and after spironolactone administration (10 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 7 days) and 11â-HSD2 activity on renal microsomes was determined. Systolic blood pressure (means ± SEM; Sham = 105 ± 8 and CRF = 149 ± 10 mmHg) and Pcr (Sham = 0.42 ± 0.03 and CRF = 2.53 ± 0.26 mg/dL) were higher (P < 0.05) while GFR (Sham = 1.46 ± 0.26 and CRF = 0.61 ± 0.06 mL/min) was lower (P < 0.05) in CRF, and plasma aldosterone (Pald) was the same in the two groups. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion was similar in the two groups under basal conditions but, after spironolactone treatment, only potassium excretion was decreased in CRF rats (sham = 0.95 ± 0.090 (before) vs 0.89 ± 0.09 µEq/min (after) and CRF = 1.05 ± 0.05 (before) vs 0.37 ± 0.07 µEq/min (after); P < 0.05). 11â-HSD2 activity on renal microsomes was lower in CRF rats (sham = 0.807 ± 0.09 and CRF = 0.217 ± 0.07 nmol·min-1·mg protein-1; P < 0.05), although when normalized for mL GFR it was similar in both groups. We conclude that K+ homeostasis is ...
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , /physiology , Homeostasis/physiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism , Microsomes/enzymology , Potassium/metabolism , /metabolism , Aldosterone/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/enzymology , Nephrectomy , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Se evaluó el desempeño de los medios agar Rambach, agar xilosa-lisina-desoxicolato (XLD) con el agregado de diferentes concentraciones de tergitol tipo 4 o sulfato de sodio y de 7-etil-2-metil-4-undecanol (XLDT4), agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS) y agar sulfito de bismuto según Wilson-Blair (SB) utilizando serovariedades de Salmonella spp. y otras especies bacterianas de la flora intestinal de las aves. Los medios de cultivo selectivos fueron evaluados mediante recuento de bacterias viables, comparando estos resultados con los del agar base Columbia (ABC) adicionado con sangre bovina al 7 por ciento, para lo cual se emplearon las serovariedades de Salmonella spp. que con mayor frecuencia se aíslan en las aves de nuestro país. Además se analizaron muestras provenientes de pollos experimentalmente inoculados con distintas serovariedades de Salmonella. Los medios Rambach, SS y XLD o XLDT4 son adecuados para el aislamiento de salmonelas. En cambio el agar SB fue muy inhibidor para las salmonelas de interés veterinario. El agregado de novobiocina o tergitol al medio XLD no inhibio completamente a todas las cepas de Proteus. En el agar Rambach comercial no creció ninguna de las cepas de Proteus que habían desarrollado en los otros medios. Diversas bacterias contaminantes produjeron colonias similares a Salmonella en los agares Rambach, SS, XLD y XLDT4. Dado que las especies bacterianas contaminantes que desarrollan en los medios de cultivo son diferentes, es recomendable optimizar el diagnóstico sembrando las muestras en los agares SS, XLD o XLDT4 y simultáneamente también en agar Rambach